دليل المعلم 2020 2021 دراسات اجتماعية منهج إنجليزي صف سابع فصل ثالث
ENVIRONMENT
Located between China, Russia and India, Central Asian countries share an environment that consists of desert, mountains, and steppe grasslands. The climate is semi-arid with hot, dry summers. Regionally, the northern area of Central has very cold winters, while the southern areas have mild, warm winters. Being a relatively dry area, Central Asia traditionally has had a water scarcity, which has led to an uneven population distribution. Historically, most inhabitants of Central Asia live along the riverbanks and the foothills of south-eastern mountains, with very few inhabitants living in the drier areas such as Central and Western Kazakhstan and Western Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan
Central Asian mountain ranges are considered biodiversity hotspots with a wide range of resources that are traditionally used by people in the region. Forest products such as wood, animals, water, and fruit nuts. One of the most prominent mountain ranges in Central Asia is the Turkistan Range. This mountain range stretches through Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The highest point in the range is called the Piramidalny Peak which measures 5,510 metres
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While over 60% of Asia consists of dry desert areas, many cultural inhabitants of the region have traditionally lived near riverbanks. The major river systems in the region include the Amu Darya River, Syr Darya River, Irtysh River, Hari River and the Murghab River. The largest river system in Central Asia is the Amu Darya, which has one river basin flowing into the Caspian Sea and another flowing into the Arctic Ocean. The Amu Darya River flows through all five of the collective "Stans" as well as neighbouring Afghanistan
Lesson 1 gives an introduction to Central Asian geography and culture. An initial focus is placed on geography with the use of maps to show the location of each Central Asian country. In activity 1, students are expected to complete a map review assignment which will help them identify each specific country in Central Asia. The unique naming conventions of each Central Asian country is the focus of Activity 2. In this activity, students are expected to understand the naming conventions of Central
Lesson 2 Silk Road
THE SILK ROAD
Bordering Russia to the north, Iran to the south, China and Mongolia to the east and the Caspian Sea to the west: Central Asian history is deeply rooted in its historically strategic location. One of the most prominent trade routes in the region was the Silk Road, which was a series of trade routes that spanned from Eastern Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East, East Africa, and Western Europe. This allowed the inhabitants of Central Asia to capitalize on trade, political influence, language, religion, and culture from various international origins. The Silk Road initially began in China during the Han Dynasty around 207 BCE-220 CE. It earned its name from the trade of silk, which was extremely valuable and in high demand at the time. Although these trade routes were known for the transport of silk across the region, other goods such as horses, camels, precious stones, carpets, gold, silver, and saffron were also traded along these routes. With Central Asia being placed at the heart of the Silk Road, trade was abundant and vital resources were imported to areas of Central Asia that traditionally would not have had access to these precious goods. This not only made Central Asia an important region that the Silk Road passed through, but it also made it the heart of the Silk Road
CULTURAL IMPACT
Since the Silk Road stretched through so many regions, various cultures were carried along the route and deposited throughout the world. Anything from food, music, language, architecture styles, religion, fashion, and exotic goods was being transported, shared and absorbed through every region that the road passed through. Religions such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam, and Zoroastrianism, along with many others, were spread in the numerous regions of the Silk Road. In addition to sharing of cultural and religious ideas, the Silk Road also allowed for the sharing for information and technology. The process of making silk, paper, gunpowder, stained glass, books, and other items and ideas were also spread along the Silk Road. During the 5th and 6th centuries, the silk making culture began to spread from China into Central Asia and Persia. Not only did this empower Central Asians to begin making silk in their own cultural designs, it also worked to lessen the monopoly that China had on silk products. More westward, in the Mediterranean, the art of glass
Lesson 3 The Culture of Central Asia
Resources from Student Book
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As a hub for diverse trade and travel, Central Asian culture was greatly influenced by its neighbours. Before the introduction of Islam, Central Asian culture was greatly influenced by Iranian and Turkic civilizations that each left their mark in language and culture. Religious beliefs such as Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Zoroastrianism were introduced to Central Asian culture and have had an impact that still lasts to the present day. The present-day country breakdown of Central Asia includes Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. These countries stretch from the Caspian Sea in the west to China and Mongolia in the east. To the south lies Afghanistan and Iran, while Russia is located at its northern most border
Currently, Central Asia has a population of roughly 72 million with 18 million living in Kazakhstan, 6 million in Kyrgyzstan, 9 million in Tajikistan, 6 million in Turkmenistan, and 33 million in Uzbekistan. During the pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, the inhabitants of Central Asia predominately spoke variations of Persian languages. This has changed, however, due to the migrations of individuals from surrounding countries. The Turkic peoples, for example, migrated and settled across most of Central Asia between the 5th and 10th century. These people were a collection of ethnic groups from East, North, and West Asia, as well as parts of Europe and North Africa. From 618 to 907, parts of Central Asia was ruled by the Tang Dynasty of China. This dynasty left a lasting impact on the region that is still seen in the vast and diverse culture. In the year 751, the Tang Dynasty was defeated by the Abbasid Caliphate and Tibetan Empire at the Battle of Talas. This marked an end to the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of an Arabic influence on the region. The longest period of rule in Central Asia occurred during the 13th and 14th century when the Mongols conquered and ruled the area
In modern times, the Soviet Union and Russia has also played a significant role in influencing Central Asian culture. Currently, Russian is spoken in all Central Asian countries. This is a result of being ruled by the