دليل المعلم 2020 2021 دراسات اجتماعية منهج إنجليزي صف خامس فصل ثالث
Lesson 1: Classical Civilizations East and West
The 8th century CE was a time of great change and growth in the Arab regions. Arabian society was made up of many large families. As Islam became the main religion in the Arab world, society began to change. Islam spread and covered much of the modern day Middle East and beyond
Arabs moved to the fertile land in and around present day Iraq to make their living. In 749 CE, people led by Abu al-Abbas took over the area and expanded into other areas. Abu al-Abbas became the Caliph or leader, beginning the Abbasid dynasty. A later Caliph moved the capital of the Islamic world to Baghdad
From 786 CE until the mid-14th century CE, the Arab-Muslim world had a time of incredible achievement called the Golden Age of Islamic Civilization. It was a period in which there was stability in the area. The Abbasid Dynasty was the crossroads of trade between Asia, Europe and North Africa. This attracted merchants and scholars from many areas. The centres of trade became wealthy and also became centres of learning and innovation. During this time, science, art, design, and philosophy flourished
Arabian society benefitted from interaction with other cultures. The mix of scientific knowledge from Greece, Rome, and China, literature from Persia, and cultural stories from India enriched the culture. Ideas were written in Arabic and stored in the House of Wisdom library for future generations
The warm up activity will work best if students are put into groups to pool their ideas. Some examples may be needed to get students started. (SOC.1.1.01.010)
After reading the text, students should use activities 1 and 2 to check their understanding. Activity 2 asks students to focus on key dates in the period and can be used to focus students on developments over the time.(SOC.1.1.01.010, SOC.1.1.01.011)
Lesson 2: Baghdad
Teacher-ONLY resources
The teacher is responsible for pre-viewing any visuals laudios that are assigned to students
Every great civilization has a capital city. The second Abbasid Caliph Al-Mansur wanted a new capital city. He chose a place along the Tigris River which was closest to the Euphrates River. It was central for trade to surrounding cities and areas. The location could easily be defended from attack if needed and had plentiful fresh water around it. The city of Baghdad became the capital
The first part of the city was the round city. It was called the City of Peace (madinat al-salam). The round city was one kilometer across and all the important buildings were in the round city. The round city took thousands of workers four years to build from 764 to 768 CE.
The round city had a double wall, so it was well protected from attack. It had 4 gates to allow easy access for trade and travelers. There was a system of canals that allowed access to the two main rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris. From the rivers traders could go to the sea. The gates connected to other cities for trade. The city later grew out from these gates. Outside of the city walls were large areas of housing, markets and workshops
By 900 CE Baghdad was the largest city in the world with up to 1 million people. Baghdad was the political, cultural and trading center of the Abbasid Caliphate. Traders and scholars from all over the world lived and worked in Baghdad, making it a rich, important and multicultural city
The Caliph, or ruler, built impressive buildings such as the court of the Caliphates in Baghdad. The original palace was in the center of the round city with an emerald colored dome about 40 meters high. It was decorated with art work and had courtyards and fountains. A large garden surrounded the palace. The garden had a large garden with a made with water from the canals and a zoo. The court of the Caliphates reflected the splendor of the Golden Age of Islamic Civilization
Lesson 3 The Achaemenids and Alexander the Great
none
An overview of scientific achievements set in a historical context can be found in the link below
The teacher is responsible for pre-viewing any visuals that are assigned to students
During the Golden Age of Islamic Civilization, people wanted to understand more about the world and how it worked. Muslim scientists made innovative achievements in engineering, agriculture, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics
Cities in the Islamic world had running water, sewage systems, and water clocks. People learned how to use herbal medicine from the Chinese. They wrote books on plants and soil, irrigation, and gardening techniques that were translated into Spanish and French in the 19th century CE
Muslim astronomers improved on the Greek knowledge of the movements of the sun and the planets to accurately calculate the passing of time. They could predict which day of the week events would fall on and accurately predict moon phases.
Muslim mathematicians improved upon the mathematics concepts of the Greeks. They came up with a way to solve practical problems when not all factors were known. They called this system "the science of restoring what is missing and equating like with like" or algebra, a word we still use today. During this time, a numbering system using the concept of "0" as a digit
Another important development was happening during the Golden Age of Islamic Civilization. At that time, society valued a high level of eloquence in spoken and written Arabic. Printing spoken words on paper and translating the works into different languages preserved and spread ideas, thoughts, and advances developed at the time
Paper-making technology spread from China through connections with traders along the Silk Road. Muslim scholars began translating scientific and philosophical works from their original languages such as Ancient
In the Golden Age of Islamic Civilization, scholars collected and translated medical works from around the world - such as Greece, India and China. The field of medicine and medical treatment greatly developed
Al-Zahrawi in the 10th century invented many medical instruments and surgical procedures, such as the use of catgut to stich up wounds. In Baghdad Ibn Sina in the 11th century wrote a book including all known medical knowledge - the Canon of Medicine. This work was so detailed that European scholars were still studying it 800 years later
Hospitals existed in Ancient Egypt and Greece but it was in the Golden Age of Islamic Civilization that they became bigger and better organized. The first organized hospital is thought to have been in Cairo in 872 CE. It treated people and gave medicines free of charge. By 982 CE in Baghdad there was a large hospital that had 24 medical staff working in it. Baghdad had a hospital for people with mental illnesses. Medical teaching schools were established and some madrassas or schools were specialized in medical training c
As Islam spread across North Africa, more hospitals were established. In Tunisia, Al-Qayrawan hospital was a large and well-organised hospital. It had buildings that specialized in different types of medical treatment, such as bone setting, bloodlefting and treating lepers
Providing medical treatment for the sick, whether rich or poor, is an important part of Islamic culture. This may explain the increased importance of hospitals and medicine in the Golden Age of Islamic Civilization. Early hospitals were funded by waqf (religious charity) and from government funds. This meant that anyone, even the poorest, could get free medical treatment from skilled physicians (doctors)
The warm up activity has an image of medical instruments. This is a good chance to reinforce the idea of development of an idea across centuries (which we saw with flight in an earlier lesson). Ask students if these look like objects doctors use now-some of them do, but they have developed
From the reading text students should answer the concept check questions in activity 1. Then complete the left side of the table in activity