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The History of Early Cinema
In its first thirty years, cinema grew very quickly. It started in just a few big cities — New York, London, Paris and Berlin — but soon became popular across the world, attracting more and more people and replacing other forms of entertainment. These large movie audiences needed places to see the films So, the ‘great picture palaces’ of the 1920s became more elegant and glamourous than theatres and opera-houses. Meanwhile, films themselves went from being short ‘spots’, only a couple of minutes
long, to the full-length feature that we know today Although some people think that the French, German, American or British invented cinema, it was mainly the French who exported cinema to China, Japan, Latin America and Russia so that these countries could start an industry of their own. In terms of artistic development, it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead, though in the years prior to 1914 Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part
In the end, the United States became, and remains, the largest single market for films. The Americans started to dominate the world market by 1914. The centre of film-making moved to Hollywood, and it is films from these new Hollywood studios that have filled the world’s film markets since that time. Few film industries have come close to competing. The Italian industry almost collapsed. In Scandinavia, Swedish cinema had a brief period of success, but because its films were mainly about what happened in Sweden, their audience was limited. Even French cinema found itself in a difficult position.
Hollywood took the lead artistically as well as industrially. Hollywood films were more popular because they had better plots, their special effects were more impressive and the star system meant the actors became idols.
None of this would have happened without technology. In the early years, this art form was quite basic. Early cinema programmes were a mixture of comic sketches, brief episodes and some animated films. With the Americans’ first feature-length films, other types of films became less
important. Cartoons and newsreels became a separate branch of film-making, generally practised outside the major studios, and were usually shown as short items before the main feature. However, with Walt Disney, animated films went from just short clips to major full-length films.
Example
During the first thirty years, the growth of the cinema was very slow.
A True
B False
C Not given
. Other forms of entertainment were replaced by the cinema.
A True
B False
C Not given
The theatres and the opera houses were more glamorous than cinemas in the 1920s.
A True
B False
C Not given
Apart from Swedish cinema, Norwegian cinema had a brief period of success
A True
B False
C Not given
Swedish cinema had limited audiences because it dealt with Swedish topics
A True
B False
C Not given
Hollywood films had excellent producers.
A True
B False
C Not given
Questions 6-7
?Which TWO of the following does the writer mention
A New York, London, Paris and Berlin were the cities that cinema grew very quickly
B cinemas never became successful
C films developed from short, two minute “spots” to full-length
D China exported cinema to Europe
E Europe, not the United States became the largest single market for films
Questions 8-10
?Which THREE of the following claims does the writer make in the text
A Hollywood became the centre of film making
B The Italian film industry was doing extremely well
C Sweden had a long period of success
D French cinema had difficulties
E Hollywood films never became popular
F Technology played very little role in cinema development
G Cartoons and newsreels were usually shown before the main film